America and Oceania Essay - 724 Words

Encounters in Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania The Encounters in Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania were very fascinating encounters. These encounters of early societies in the Americas and Oceania were quite similar to the ones in Africa and Eurasia. Geography also played an important role in these early societies. A few topics I will address are: in what ways were the societies of the Americas and Oceania similar to those in Africa and Eurasia in spite of such isolation. The factors in which contributed to the difficulties in sustaining log distant trade of the societies in America and Oceania with neighboring societies. The last topic I will address is what the existence of such interactions despite such†¦show more content†¦In Oceania during an ice age when sea levels were exposed land bridges between the islands and narrowed sea crossings thus enabling migrations through the Indonesian archipelago. Australia was reached first then the Solomon Islands. In Oceania the population started to grow so people move d east spreading to islands. With their destination of the islands the climate was very tropical which enabled them to grow many things. With the increase in agriculture the economy grew culture spread and social classes developed. As you can see in some ways the people of Oceania and the Americas followed exactly what the people in Africa and Eurasia did. The factors in which contributed to the difficulties in sustaining log distant trade of the societies in America and Oceania with neighboring societies was simple. One factor which contributed with long distant trade was a trade route which either developed by sea or land or both. With these routes you would pass by civilizations selling goods to neighboring societies and foreign ones too. Another factor was sabotages. Along sum very far routes scavengers would try to hijack the merchants and take their goods if the weren’t careful and with this going on wars/ fights would happen with neighboring societies. Another factor was sea levels rising so this also affected trade routes in Oceania Despite such difficulties these interactions of early societiesShow MoreRelatedCultural And Religious Traditions Of The Americas And Oceania838 Words   |  4 Pages The original people of the Americas and Oceania lived in societies that were considerably smaller than those of the eastern hemisphere. Long before they entered into sustained interaction with European and other peoples, they built complex societies and developed sophisticated cultural and religious traditions. In Mesoamerica and Andean South America, they built imperial states that organized public affairs on a large scale. The cultural and religious traditions of these imperial societies reflectedRead More2015 Flight Sneakers : The United States Of America, Asia, Europe, And Oceania1482 Words   |  6 Pageswomen. The company reserves the production of these sneakers for kids. They will be combined with Diamonds and Swarovski elements. This company is going to export their product to the five continents: America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. The principal headquarter is in Miami, FL, United States of America. This company is very prestigious and its product are exclusive for people w ho do not suffer from vertigo. Leadership Evolution through History Leadership has its roots in 1930 but has evolved sinceRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four931 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four the author George Orwell created how he felt the world would be in the year nineteen eighty-four. In this fictional world, there were three super-states Eastasia, Eurasia, and Oceania; Oceania was the main super state where the novel took place. In Oceania, the government controlled everything: the citizens had no rights; the people were living in poor conditions, everyone was brainwashed, and hatred controlled everything. The novel focused on the rebellious waysRead MoreTotalitarianism In George Orwells 19841028 Words   |  5 Pagesselfish ways. Unlike Oceania, the United States governs their country with a different approach. In present day America, the amendments of the Constitution gives society certain freedoms and grants them the rights to have free opinions as well as freedom of religion, press, and more. With our pres idential system, the nation allows for more privileges and rights for the community unlike the government in George Orwell’s novel. 1984 has given me insight on the differences between Oceania and United StatesRead MoreBig Brother: Problem and Solution Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesthat they arent being mistreated by their government, and most of the Americans swallow it. The government of the United States manipulates the citizens by instituting socialistic principles; however, by examining and revolting, a more democratic America will arise. Deception is the most powerful tool used by the government to keep the Americans unaware about how they are being mistreated. Imagine an individual whom is taught that they live in the only country in the world. We will call this personRead MoreThe Function of Dual Roles in Tony Kushner’s Angels in America1060 Words   |  5 PagesIn Tony Kushner’s Angels in America, the interconnection of people and events, that might ordinarily be viewed as disconnected or unrelated, is implicitly presented in the characters section. Dual roles are implemented by a playwright that has one actor portraying the roles of two or more characters, with or without thematic intentions. The use of â€Å"dual roles† in several scenes of this play can be viewed as a demonstration of Kushner’s effort in maintaining the interconnectedness between charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pageswhich represents the general population of Oceani a with a specific end goal to keep them from revolting. Current society in America is a great deal more popularity based. It stands out from Orwell s general public of 1984 in light of the fact that correspondence, individual convictions and the general population s dependability to the administration are altogether controlled by the person. With a specific end goal to keep the general population of Oceania in congruity with the yearnings of the administeringRead MoreThe Use Of Surveillance As A Mechanism Of Control1616 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided that their country is able to justify valid reasons for it. This has been implemented in the past, for example, during the Great Depression, the citizens of America had to accept methods such as rationing, as it was the only way to be able to access basic needs in times of no money and jobs (Rationing and Scrap Drives in Rural America, no date). The citizens may be told that surveillance will be in their best interest that it will protect them and support the country against some enemy or itRead More George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual loyalty to the government are all controlled by the inner party which governs the people of Oceania in order to keep them from rebelling. Current society in North America is much more democratic. It contrasts with Orwell’s society of 1984 because commun ication, personal beliefs and the people’s loyalty to the government are all determined by the individual. In order to keep the people of Oceania in conformity with the desires of the governing Inner Party, the Inner Party controls several aspectsRead MoreSimilarities Between 1984 And V For Vendetta1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa dystopian political thriller film based on 1984 DC series directed by James McTeique, and written by The Wachowskis. In 1984, the dystopian future of humanity was divided into three main lands. Eurasia, Eastasia, and Oceania. History is centered in the life and politics of Oceania. They are from a historian sense a mixture of the Nazi party and the Socialist party. However, its ideology is based on the total power of few people or in other words totalitarianism. This organization is called INGSOC

Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - 878 Words

Cynthia is a 65 year old African American female diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, hypertension, kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. She is on glipizide 5 mg po daily to treat her type 2 diabetes. Cynthia revisited the clinic soon after the initiation of the treatment with symptoms of shakiness, sweating, chills, clamminess, lightheadedness and moderately severe headache. In this case study, Cynthia is exhibiting the symptoms of hypoglycemia as she is on sulfonylurea therapy. Sulfonylureas, such as glipizide commonly used as a second-line of therapy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), promote insulin release independent of prevailing glucose value and as a result,†¦show more content†¦Impaired cognitive function can cause harmful and cumulative long-term effects on intellectual function, particularly in young children. The most common risk factor for the occurrence of hypoglycemia is the aggressiveness of th erapy applied to achieve glycemic control. The other factors include, antecedent hypoglycemia, alcohol, increased glucose utilization, decreased glucose production, female sex, sleep, duration of diabetes, age and progressive insulin deficiency were also associated with an increased risk of hypoglycemia in patients with T2DM. Multiple risk factors are associated with precipitation of hypoglycemia in the general population. When it comes to elderly patients with diabetes, the problem of hypoglycemia is a major concern. Hypoglycemia is an expected side effect of sulfonylurea. Hypoglycemia unawareness is a major cause of severe hypoglycemia in patients with T2DM. Hypoglycemia awareness in patients can bring better results in managing hypoglycemic events. Symptoms of hypoglycemia become progressively less intense over the time or diminish. Management of hypoglycemia consists of strategies such as prevention of hypoglycemia, use of therapeutic agents with low or no occurrence of hypoglycemia and treatment of hypoglycemia. It is important for the patient to understand and agree to adhere to treatment plan in terms of both medication and lifestyle modification. Self-monitoring of the glucose is veryShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting Prevalence And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1005 Words   |  5 PagesFactors Affecting Prevalence and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rwanda Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough Insulin (impaired insulin secretion) or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced (insulin resistance) resulting in increased blood glucose (â€Å"Endocrine System.† Internal Medicine Clinical Treatment Guidelines. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, 2012 ). 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Section B:Literature related to self-management skills of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Section C: Reviews related to effectiveness of diabetes education on newly diagnosed patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. SECTION A: LITERATURE RELATED TO TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes is aRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Leading Chronic Disease1102 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading chronic diseases that can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to a lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. The four main types of diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other specific types (Darby, 2015, 824). A high rate of periodontal disease has been reported with type 1 and 2 diabetesRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 In Children INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is not a single disease it is a multifactorial group of syndromes all characterized by an increase in the level of blood glucose that occurs due to lack of presence of insulin. Mainly, the less release of insulin leads to excess deposition of glycogen which is a peptide hormone synthesized by the pancreas and plays a role in raising the level of glucose in blood. (Mycek, 2007). Diabetes is usually divided into two types, insulin dependentRead MoreHypothesis : Bariatric Surgery Offers Better Glycemic Control For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1850 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Hypothesis: Bariatric surgery offers better glycemic control for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in comparison to standard therapies of diet, exercise, and pharmaceuticals. Methods: A retrospective literature research was conducted using several scholarly databases to collect and review information relevant to the hypothesis. The search engines included but were not limited to Google Scholar, PubMed, MedlinePlus, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The research was not limited by country of originRead MoreInterview A Registered Nurse From Georgia University Medical Center Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesI gained valuable information about a disease that she mentioned she sees commonly in her in-patient unit. The disease she noted was diabetes mellitus. During the interview, she gave me information about the disease in terms of its causes, its frequency, and the reason she decided to identity this disease. When speaking with healthcare provider Denead Buoy, RN, MSN, she explained that diabetes mellitus is a condition in which one has elevated blood glucose levels due to an inadequate insulin productionRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus And The Long Term Complications1385 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to give a general idea of diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, role factors and complications that arise from it, comparing and exhibiting the distinctions between type I type II diabetes, the people who are in jeopardy of developing diabetic renal diseases and hypertension due to the complications identifying the general pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus the long term complications that may transpire. Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus is one of the very prevalent metabolicRead MoreType Ii Diabetes Mellitus. â€Å"In 2010, An Estimated 25.81470 Words   |  6 PagesType II Diabetes Mellitus â€Å"In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes † (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become moreRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus As A Chronic Metabolic Disorder Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages Chapter - 23 Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that prevents the body to utilise glucose completely or partially. It is characterised by raised glucose concentration in the blood and alterations in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. This can be due to failure in the formation of insulin or liberation or action. Since insulin is produced by the p cells of the islets of Langerhans, any receding in the number of functioning cells will decrease the amount

Jackson Memorial Hospital Retention of Emergency Room Nurses Free Essays

According to (O’Rourke, chp. 10, pg. 8), Culture is composed of material objects, ideas, values, and attitudes: and expected patterns of behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Jackson Memorial Hospital Retention of Emergency Room Nurses or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is through our culture, that communication beings, the older you become that does not change, but gets more difficult. In the article Cross-Cultural Communication in the Workplace: can we stay home without it, (Kudirka, Joi Constance,1989 pg1). points out there must be training in cultural diversity in the workplace. It is a integrate tool required in today’s work environment. A person’s behavior and perception is through their cultural experiences. What ways do different cultures communicate, Japanese place importance of status in life through their job ex. Japanese business card is important to read it once given to you, do not put it away place it on the table to show respect. In many Hispanic cultures, when greeting one another they kiss each other. In America, a hand shake is the customary greeting. There is verbal and non-verbal communications, that must be understood to prevent misunderstandings. Another, ex. There was a Cambodian women, who had outstanding sales for the month, she was given an award and gift. She was asked to come to the front of the room to get her award, she acted reluctantly. It is not customary to receive praise, it is seen as bad manners in Southeastern Asian cultures. In the workplace, it is important to know the customs, values, and beliefs of the people you work with. Therefore, cross-culture communication is a way to interact, when you live or work with people from different cultures. In the future, new job seekers will come from many cultures. Cross-culture communications training will be a long-term commitment on the part of the employer. It makes a difference in the workplace, if you do not know the culture of the people, you work with. There will be misunderstandings, confusion, and controversy in the workplace, not knowing how to relate to people of different ethnicity. This happens, because one’s cultures is used as a bases of knowledge for interacting with the staff, employees, clients, and customers. In Northern countries, looking a people in their eyes shows, whether you are telling the truth or not. The situation can be made better by cross-cultural training and understanding the culture of the people, you work around. According to (HCareers,on Target jobs source article), when speaking to a diverse group of people make eye contact with everyone in the room to prevent uncomfortable feelings. Do not make cultural assumptions, by the use of jokes, slang words, that could confuse, or offend someone. Always, remember that verbal and non-verbal communications relies on a shared set of cultural beliefs and attitudes. When speaking slow down your rate of speech a little not too much. The use of active listening is an effective strategy for continued improvement in communications with the person, by restating what you say to ensure the person understands. Also, use a formal communication style with new acquaintances, then as you get to know them scale back as the relationship develops to not so formal. The supervisor or lecturer develops a culturally sensitive communication practice, it will make a difference in a diverse staff, preventing communication from slipping through the cracks. Simma Lieberman Assoc. n Ten PC Tips For Communicating with a Diverse Audience, talks about knowing how to make a diverse group of people feel included, the more they will listen. If you offend people they will shut down and you will lose them. 1) Be careful not to use ladies, instead use women, when using metaphor, be conscious they have different meaning in different countries Ex. Football in Europe is soccer. 2) Know the demographics of the group of people, you are speaking too. 3) Do not assume everyone shares your religious beliefs. 4) Smile at everyone when speaking to the group ) Do not use humor, that puts down any one group. 6) Example your assumptions about people, who are different than you. be open to letting go assumptions. 7) Do not be afraid to ask for correct pronunciation of someone’s name Example, why this is important an employer mispronunciation of an employee’s name Huy gee, the boss called him Hey Guy. When he looked this up in the dictionary the meaning translated hey boy, denoting, what a African man was called during segregation times. The employee became offended and quit the job. ) If a person has a accent and you can’t understand them, ask them to repeat what they said slowly, what they are saying is important to you. 9) Use methodology in your presentation to accommodate different learning styles. Visual auditory kinesthetic. 10) Be comfortable with silence. In some cultures that can mean respect and attention. The adaptation of the group of people values, customs and beliefs will help successful communication to occur in the workplace. Communication leads to a smooth and comfort work environment for the future. How to cite Jackson Memorial Hospital Retention of Emergency Room Nurses, Papers

Surface Modifications-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Literature Review on the Topic of Surface Modifications with a Purpose of Depositing Lipids. Answer: Introduction It is very difficult to study complex natural cell membrane due to their native states. Lipids with the simpler model system are hence admirable for studying biomolecule interaction as well as the particular role of the component of the membrane. The suitable choice of the model will highly depend on the method employed for the scrutiny(Ottova-Leitmannova, 2015). Every model selected will have both disadvantage and advantage. The bilayers of lipids can be made on the solid support through using multiple methods including Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and LS (Langmuir Scaefer ). This method can be done in situ but LS and LB methods will need deposition of just a monolayer at a time by the help of Langmuir fil balance. This method is preferred for the bilayer deposition having a specific and controlled asymmetric leaflet composition. The most common method of preparing model cellular membrane is (DIBB) Droplet Interface Bilayer method. In this technique, the lipid bilayer is made from two water droplets which are submerged in oil and also coated with a monolayer of lipids. This can be either control, asymmetric or symmetric each droplet composition bilayer tailoring can be realized(Lemons, 2012). In addition, the solution on either side of the membrane is able to be controlled permitting for studies of the interactions in the membrane and specific bimolecular. This technique was employed recently to reconstitute bilayer of lipids from the total extract of model cell membrane known as Escharia coli. Surface Sensitive Methods To Study Supported Lipid Bilayers And MolecularInteractions With Them Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. The inherent properties of the piezoelectric quartz can be keenly analyzed using QCM-D to trigger oscillation in the sensor, this will respond by deforming immediately when an external voltage is subjected to it(Ratner, 2012). The standing shear waves will be developed in the two gold electrodes due to the application of the alternating voltage. The shear wave will decay into the liquid having the characteristic length of decay. This length is always taken as 250nm, this for the crystal which is immersed in a pure water hence, this will give a perfect range of detection for the QCM-D. A solvent will be identified as a mass which is coupled with a mean thickness conforming to ?L. Where ?L is taken as the density of the liquid. The length of decay will vary with the following equation(Auernhammer, 2011). ; where nL is the absolute density of the liquid. Hence, if the solvent is exchanged with another one having higher viscosity, it will trigger an increase in the mean thickness detected by the crystal. The principle for the operation of QCM.D is based on the relationship between the change in frequency and the change in mass of sensor crystal. For such setup, if a change in mass is taken as m and change in frequency is taken as f, then from the simple Sauerbrey relationship m=-C* f/n. where C is the material specific Saurbray constant which is given as C=tg*?q/f0 and n is the harmonic number. Tq is the thickness of the quartz while ?q is the density of the quartz(Rotello, 2014). QCM-D basically records the wet adsorbed and not the dry ones since other optical techniques like ellipsometry, reflectometry and surface plasmon will do. This can be evident as an asset of the QCM-D method because it includes a tool needed for complementary info for the adsorbed layer in several liquid environments and also in combination with other surface sensitive methods(Smentkowski, 2011). The following diagrams show principle in dissipation and frequency change in the QCM-D. Fig 1: Dissipation Fig 2: Signals generated from a soft vesicle layer. AFM and the setup for imaging under continuous flow conditions. For AFM, the topology can be envisaged thru the interaction of resulting force on the tip upon scanning the surface and a sharp tip. Through scanning the surface in the pattern of the raster as well as sensing the position of laser beam sensor(Iglic, 2013). Depending on the material and the reason for the study, the AFM is operated in several modes like contact, tapping or noncontact mode. Zasadzinski used lipid AFM imaging on a lipid layer in 1991, these lipid bilayers were 1,2- dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, from that date a plethora of membrane scrutiny has been done using AFM. The below diagrams shows how AFM utilizes the interatomic forces amid a sharp tip and a surface. Fig 3. a) shows AFM utilizes interatomic forces b) Shows the optimized AFM AFC setup based on gravity. Neutron reflection This is the very powerful method employed for studying thin adsorbed layer because it gives more info on the structural features in the direction which is orthogonal to the interface having a resolution with few Angstrom(Crdenas, 2012). The sketch of a neuron beam impinging on the surface is shown below; Fig4: a) shows neuron beam sketch b) shows neuron scattering in a silicon block and c) shows simulated reflectivity curve. Formation Of Supported Lipid Bilayers By Vesicle Fusion, The Case For Single Component And Fluid Lipid Systems QCM-D is a highly sensitive method more so for the viscous layer which has a large amount of water. This shows a reason QCM-D has become a stronghold for learning the formation of SLB through vesicle formation. But AFM excels for in-plane imaging for morphology in the layer of adsorbed having lateral resolution to few nm and Angstrom resolution in the x-axis orientation. NR is as well very sensitive to the buried interface but less sensitive to a diffuse water-rich structure like vesicle. References Auernhammer, G. (2011). Surface and Interfacial Forces - From Fundamentals to Applications. Hawaii: Springer Science Business Media. Crdenas, M. (2012). Understanding the formation of supported lipid bilayers via vesicle fusionA case that. Hawaii: American Vacuum Society. Iglic, A. (2013). Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes. Manchester : Academic Press. Lemons, J. (2012). Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Manchester : Academic Press. Ottova-Leitmannova, A. (2015). Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes, Volume . Stoke : Gulf Professional Publishing. Ratner, B. (2012). Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine. Chicago : Elsevier. Rotello, V. (2014). Nanoparticles: Building Blocks for Nanotechnology. Chicago: Springer Science Business Media. Smentkowski, V. S. (2011). Surface Analysis and Techniques in Biology. London: Springer Science Business Media.